Amos Toh is senior researcher, artificial intelligence and human rights, at Human Rights Watch. He leads the organization’s efforts to document the impact of AI and other data-driven technologies on poverty and inequality. His areas of focus include the digitization and automation of welfare and social protection services, and the algorithmic exploitation of on-demand workers in the gig economy. He also coordinates the organization’s efforts to develop rights-based approaches to AI governance.

Before joining HRW, Toh served as legal advisor to the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the right to freedom of opinion and expression and was a clinical teaching fellow at the University of California (Irvine) School of Law. Between 2012 and 2015, Toh was Counsel and Katz Fellow at the Brennan Center of Justice. Toh is a graduate of New York University School of Law and the National University of Singapore School of Law.